Indlela yokukhetha imimiselo yonikezelo eyahlukileyo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe?

Ukukhetha imiqathango yorhwebo oluchanekileyo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kubalulekile kuwo omabini amaqela ukuqinisekisa intengiselwano egudileyo nenempumelelo. Nazi izinto ezintathu ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha imigaqo yorhwebo:

Iingozi: Inqanaba lomngcipheko iqela ngalinye elizimisele ukuyithatha linokunceda ekumiseleni ixesha elifanelekileyo lokurhweba. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umthengi ufuna ukunciphisa umngcipheko wabo, banokukhetha igama elifana ne-FOB (i-Free On Board) apho umthengisi ethatha uxanduva lokulayisha iimpahla kwinqanawa yokuthumela. Ukuba umthengisi ufuna ukunciphisa umngcipheko wabo, banokukhetha igama elifana ne-CIF (Iindleko, i-Inshurensi, uThutho) apho umthengi athatha uxanduva lokuqinisekisa iimpahla zokuhamba.

Iindleko: Iindleko zothutho, i-inshurensi, kunye nemisebenzi yempahla engenayo inokwahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lezorhwebo. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba ngubani oza kuba noxanduva kwezi ndleko kwaye uzifake kwixabiso lilonke lentengiselwano. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umthengisi uyavuma ukuhlawula iindleko zokuhamba ne-inshorensi, banokubiza ixabiso eliphezulu ukuze bahlawule ezo ndleko.

Ulungiselelo: Ulungiselelo lothutho lwempahla lunokuba nefuthe kukhetho lwexesha lorhwebo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba iimpahla zininzi okanye zinzima, kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi ukuba umthengisi alungiselele ukuthuthwa kunye nokulayisha. Kungenjalo, ukuba iimpahla zinokonakala, umthengi unokufuna ukuthatha uxanduva lokuthumela ngenqanawa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zifika ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikwimeko entle.

Amanye amagama aqhelekileyo okurhweba aquka i-EXW (i-Ex Works), i-FCA (i-Free Carrier), i-FOB (i-Free On Board), i-CFR (Iindleko kunye noThutho), i-CIF (Iindleko, i-Inshurensi, i-Freight), kunye ne-DDP (i-Delivered Duty Paid). Kubalulekile ukuphonononga ngononophelo imimiselo yokhetho ngalunye lwezorhwebo kwaye uvumelane ngayo nelinye iqela ngaphambi kokuba ugqibezele intengiselwano.

EXW (Ex Works)
Inkcazo: Umthengi uthwala zonke iindleko kunye nemingcipheko ebandakanyekayo ekuthatheni iimpahla kwifektri yomthengisi okanye kwindawo yokugcina impahla.
Umahluko: Umthengisi ufuna kuphela ukuba iimpahla zilungele ukupakishwa, ngelixa umthengi ephethe yonke eminye imiba yokuthumela ngenqanawa, kubandakanya ukukhutshwa kwempahla, ukuthutha kunye ne-inshurensi.
Ulwabiwo lomngcipheko: Zonke iingozi zigqithiselwa ukusuka kumthengisi ukuya kumthengi.

I-FOB (Mahala xa ukhwele)
Inkcazo: Umthengisi ugubungela iindleko kunye nemingcipheko yokuhambisa iimpahla kwinqanawa, ngelixa umthengi ethatha zonke iindleko kunye neengozi ezingaphaya kwelo nqanaba.
Umahluko: Umthengi uthatha uxanduva lweendleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa, i-inshurensi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwezithethe ngaphaya kokulayisha enqanaweni.
Ulwabiwo lomngcipheko: Ukudluliselwa komngcipheko ukusuka kumthengisi ukuya kumthengi xa iimpahla zidlula kuloliwe wenqanawa.

I-CIF (Iindleko, i-Inshurensi kunye noThutho)
Inkcazo: Umthengisi unoxanduva lwazo zonke iindleko ezinxulumene nokufumana iimpahla kwizibuko lendawo, kubandakanywa imithwalo kunye ne-inshurensi, ngelixa umthengi unoxanduva lwazo naziphi na iindleko ezenziwe emva kokuba iimpahla zifike kwi-port.
Umahluko: Umthengisi uphatha ukuthumela kunye ne-inshurensi, ngelixa umthengi ehlawula imisebenzi yempahla kunye nezinye iifizi ekufikeni kwazo.
Ulwabiwo lomngcipheko: Ukudluliselwa komngcipheko ukusuka kumthengisi ukuya kumthengi ekuhanjisweni kwempahla kwizibuko lendawo.

I-CFR (Ixabiso kunye noThutho)
Inkcazo: Umthengisi uhlawula ukuthunyelwa, kodwa kungekhona i-inshurensi okanye naziphi na iindleko ezenziwe emva kokufika kwi-port.
Umahluko: Umthengi uhlawula i-inshurensi, imisebenzi yempahla kunye nayo nayiphi na imirhumo eyenziwe emva kokufika kwi-port.
Ulwabiwo lomngcipheko: Ukudluliselwa komngcipheko ukusuka kumthengisi ukuya kumthengi xa iimpahla zikhwele enqanaweni.

I-DDP (uMsebenzi oZisiweyo uhlawulwe)
Inkcazo: Umthengisi uhambisa iimpahla kwindawo ethile, kwaye unoxanduva lwazo zombini iindleko kunye neengozi de zifike kuloo ndawo.
Umahluko: Umthengi kufuneka alinde kuphela iimpahla ukuba zifike kwindawo echongiweyo ngaphandle kokuthatha uxanduva lwazo naziphi na iindleko okanye imingcipheko.
Ulwabiwo lomngcipheko: Zonke iingozi kunye neendleko zithwalwa ngumthengisi.

I-DDU (Umsebenzi oNikiweyo awuhlawulwanga)
Inkcazo: Umthengisi uhambisa iimpahla kwindawo echaziweyo, kodwa umthengi unoxanduva lwazo naziphi na iindleko ezihambelana nokungenisa iimpahla, ezifana nemithwalo yempahla kunye nezinye iintlawulo.
Umahluko: Umthengi uthwala iindleko kunye nemingcipheko ehambelana nokungeniswa kwempahla.
Ulwabiwo lomngcipheko: Imingcipheko emininzi igqithiselwa kumthengi xa eziswa, ngaphandle komngcipheko wokungahlawuli.